Andrew Basden is the Professor of Human Factors and Philosophy in Information Systems at Here he responds to my questions about his influences, Dooyeweerd and the new book.
Could you please tell us something about yourself?
Born and brought up in Scotland, I tend to like to integrate theory and practice, I value the 'everyday ' side of life, and I love the natural world, especially wilderness . Over fifty years ago, aged 12 at camp in the Scottish Highlands, I asked Jesus Christ to be my Saviour, as the way to acceptable to God, and my Master, so that my life since then has been governed by him more deeply than by myself or my own wishes. At university I studied electronics and, while doing so, began to yearn for a faith that was relevant to my life here-and-now, rather than just for the future. In the early 1970s, I received this and for the first time began to love God, not just obey him. At the same time I became active in the environmental movement. While undertaking a PhD in computer-aided design, I met and married Ruth. We settled down into jobs and church life and during the 1980s we raised two lads. I returned to academic life as researcher and lecturer in the late 1980s. I felt called by God to stand for election for the UK Green Party, and began to take part in seminars on Christians in politics. It was there, in the mid 1990s, that I heard of the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd, which has shaped my academic life ever since. It is perhaps the best philosophy of everyday life that is yet to emerge. I'll tell you more about myself in as the interview proceeds.
Who or what have been your main influences?
In no particular order: Scotland, Asperger's Syndrome, my family, Jesus Christ, the Bible, C.S. Lewis , biographies of Christians, a love of games, the natural world, my brother Nick, and Herman Dooyeweerd.
Scotland I have explained above. When I was in my late fifties, I was diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome; I had it all my life, but this explained various of my traits, both annoying and valuable. One of the valuable ones is that I have always been able to think out of the box, see the 'elephant in the room' and talk without threat about things most people would avoid. I have a liking for unusual or unpopular ideas - and perhaps the uniqueness of Dooyeweerd's ideas added to its attraction.
My family: Parents, siblings, my wife Ruth and two sons. Each have shaped me and I owe a considerable amount to them.
Jesus Christ: He is the one who has allowed me to know God personally, and he is the one to whom I owe my entire life. He has shaped my whole life, character, personality, ideals, aims in life, and means. He is the meaning of my life. He is also my destiny: I believe that what I do here and now will 'translate' into the next life when I am with him in eternity; that is exciting, and it makes everything worthwhile.
The Bible: I love the Bible, as God's unique and important communication to the world he loves (the 'Word of God' is written form). But I don't love standard Christian interpretations, each of which I see as a theorization of what God is or has been communicating. Too often, Christians tend to take yesterday's theorizations for today, when God wants to emphasise something new.
Take Romans chapter 8 , for example. In it, I find three Dimensions of Salvation, each of which has entered the world at a different time in history. Dimension 1 is that in Christ there is no condemnation before God; this was rediscovered during the Reformation, 500 years ago. Dimension 2 is that the Spirit of God leads us here and now, and we experience God as 'Daddy': a here-and-now dynamic relationship rather then merely a hope of forgiveness and eternal life; this was rediscovered about 150 years ago via the Holiness and Pentecostal movements. Dimension 3 is that "Creation waits with eager longing for the revealing of the 'sons' of God"; this is being rediscovered today.
For me, this takes two forms. One is our responsibility for the non-human creation. In these days that needed as never before , since humanity is destroying the earth at a faster rate than ever before because of increased population and demands, amplified by technology and economy. The Bible suggests to me that if we are to truly address our environmental problems, then this cannot be done via education, media, economics, government policy and the like ; it requires what used to be known as religious revival - with or without the emotion. It requires people indwelt by the Holy Spirit to take the lead.
The other form is academic life. "The creation" includes the cultural worlds (perhaps nicely delineated by Dooyeweerd's aspects?). One of these is academia. After centuries of service to the world, academia is today losing its meaning. But God's people, indwelt by the Holy Spirit, might take a lead in reforming it. I see that is what God was using Dooyeweerd to begin to do - as a long-term project.
This is what impels me towards both environmental sustainability and linking my faith with my academic work.
Love of games: I love playing games, both computer and non-computer. This has kept me aware of issues that have been largely ignored by most academic discourses. For example, the field of information systems is only just now waking up to computer games as a valid research area - and even so it distorts them into 'gamification' (serious games) rather than truly understanding the fun that computer games can be. So I mention games a lot in my book.
The natural world: I feel at home in, and love, wilderness, plants of all kinds, birds of all kinds, most insects, and most animals. Whereas some people spiritualize it as a stimulus to worship, I have a creational relationship with it that I believe God intended. When Francis of Assisi called the animals his brothers, that rings true for me.
My brother Nick: Nick has modelled the love of our Heavenly Father, and how to see things in different ways, and how to cope with adversity.
Herman Dooyeweerd: At last I have found a philosophy of everyday life. Interestingly, I adopted his philosophy not because it is a 'Christian' philosophy but because it 'works' better than others. That Dooyeweerd shared my faith is a bonus - and also an explanation of why he was able to articulate such radical and useful ideas about meaning and everyday life.
How did you get introduced to Dooyeweerd's philosophy?
I was at a seminar on Christians in Politics at the Spring Harvest celebration in 1993 or 1994 and recommended Paul Marshall's book Thine is the Kingdom - the book that had inspired me to become involved in Green politics. A guy at the back (Revd . Richard Russell, who runs the Christian Studies Unit) told the assembled company that the book had been remaindered and he had all the copies. He then took me for coffee and asked me if I knew the background to Paul Marshall's ideas: the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd. Richard gave me an overview of Dooyeweerd's aspects - which I immediately saw could help me understand the conflicts in the Green movement, and also the challenges of benefits and harm in using information technology.
So I want to leave behind a means by which people can understand Dooyeweerd and his usefulness. That is primarily why I wrote the book. It explains Dooyeweerd's philosophy to a degree that I think people would be able to work from even if I wrote nothing more, and it discusses how Dooyeweerd's philosophy can do two things in each of five areas. One is to provide a foundational understanding of each area. The other is to engage with discourses in the area - over 50 of them. I don't want to reject or replace the ideas on which each discourse centres, but to affirm what is valid, critique the underlying presuppositions, and enrich the ideas, all using Dooyeweerd and the foundational understanding I have constructed.
The five areas spread across both technical and social, and are seldom brought together: the nature of ICT (information and computer technology) and the artificial intelligence question, ICT in use and its benefits and problems, ICT features that annoy or delight us, ICT and society, and ICT development. A secondary aim of the book is to show how these things can be integrated rather than kept separated, using Dooyeweerd's ideas.
How does it differ from your previous book Philosophical Frameworks for Understanding Information Systems?
I briefly examine over fifty discourses that are going on, ranging from computer programming and artificial intelligence, through the usefulness of information technology, to its impacts on society, to identify what issues are most meaningful in each. Then I propose a Dooyeweerdian foundational understanding, and with that, I try to affirm, critique and enrich each of the discourses.
For example, much of the discussion of the usefulness of ICT is about how it helps reduce costs or increase profits - a potential it has that is meaningful in the economic aspect. However, there are fourteen other aspects in which it has potential for good or ill, such as enhancing (or confusing) communication (lingual aspect), promoting or undermining justice in society (juridical aspect), making people more selfish or more generous (ethical aspect), and so on. All these potential aspectual impacts need to be taken into account when judging information technology - yet usually only a few are . In such ways, Dooyeweerd can help the discussions about social media.
And that is only one of the fifty discourses that I examine. In the final chapter, I provide practical suggestions for over a hundred research projects that could be undertaken using Dooyeweerd's ideas - it would be great if Dooyeweerd's ideas will be taken up by many students who are looking for PhD projects to do.
